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数据抓取行为竞争法规制中的利益衡量研究
网络安全与数据治理 10期
聂 童
(华东政法大学经济法学院,上海200042)
摘要: 数据是数字市场竞争格局形成中的核心要素,然数据抓取作为获得数据要素的重要手段却备受争议。数字经济蓬勃发展的今天,利益衡量这种古老的解释方法,对于数据抓取行为的竞争法规制仍然具有较强回应性。从利益衡量的角度出发,以平台经营者利益、消费者利益及社会公共利益的多元利益维度展开,判断其各方主体的利益冲突实质和利益的属性。利益衡量为数据抓取行为的竞争法规制勘定边界,亦为数据要素市场的建设提供价值序位考量,并暗含解决数据抓取行为这一复杂问题的指向,即建设统一的数据要素市场。
中圖分類號(hào):D922.294
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.10.009
引用格式:聶童.數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法規(guī)制中的利益衡量研究[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,42(10):55-59.
Research on interest measurement in competition law regulation of data capture behavior
Nie Tong
(School of Economics and Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042, China)
Abstract: Data is the core element in the formation of the digital market competition pattern, but data capture as an important means of obtaining data elements is controversial. Today, with the vigorous development of the digital economy, the ancient interpretation method of interest measurement is still highly responsive to competition law regulations on data capture behaviors. From the perspective of interest measurement, we use the multiple interest dimensions of platform operators′ interests, consumer interests and social public interests to determine the essence of the conflict of interest and the nature of the interests of the parties. Benefit measurement determines the boundaries of competition law regulations for data capture behavior, and also provides value order considerations for the construction of data element market. It also implies the direction of solving the complex problem of data capture behavior, that is, building a unified data element market.
Key words : data capture; interest measurement; conflict of interest; regulatory approach; element market

0    引言

2022年末,《關(guān)于構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)制度更好發(fā)揮數(shù)據(jù)要素作用的意見(jiàn)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“數(shù)據(jù)二十條”)正式發(fā)布,意見(jiàn)中明確指出,作為新型生產(chǎn)要素,數(shù)據(jù)是數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化和智能化的基石,是一種基礎(chǔ)性、戰(zhàn)略性資源,在數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色。

伴隨著數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型要素的強(qiáng)力體現(xiàn),數(shù)據(jù)控制者和數(shù)據(jù)需求方因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)的爭(zhēng)奪爭(zhēng)訟數(shù)量逐年攀升。數(shù)據(jù)需求者采用爬蟲(chóng)技術(shù)獲取公開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的開(kāi)發(fā)利用,這種付出微小成本的數(shù)據(jù)生產(chǎn)要素獲得,成為數(shù)據(jù)需求者獲取生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)數(shù)據(jù)的首選方式。從數(shù)據(jù)控制者的角度,阻礙禁止他人爬取數(shù)據(jù),維護(hù)自身的合法數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)益是恰當(dāng)且必要的。然司法實(shí)踐中,數(shù)據(jù)需求方多對(duì)法院將數(shù)據(jù)抓取認(rèn)定為不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的判決不服,在連續(xù)的上訴失敗之后,轉(zhuǎn)而起訴數(shù)據(jù)控制方的壟斷,為此有必要討論數(shù)據(jù)爬取過(guò)程中的不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法規(guī)制問(wèn)題。

本文即從利益衡量的視角梳理《反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》數(shù)據(jù)抓取存在的問(wèn)題及解釋,穿透數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為的表面爭(zhēng)端,在法益衡量層面上,將數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為背后蘊(yùn)含的價(jià)值類型化,以期對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為的規(guī)制及數(shù)據(jù)要素市場(chǎng)的建設(shè)有所裨益。




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作者信息:

聶童

(華東政法大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)院,上海200042)


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