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注意力经济下陪伴式人工智能平台的侵权责任
网络安全与数据治理 10期
唐 婧
(南京大学法学院,江苏南京210000)
摘要: 注意力经济背景下,传统技术中立理论受到冲击。在侵权责任规制上,应为具有情感连接功能的陪伴式人工智能平台找寻新的规制路径。这一路径不应完全脱离当前以过错责任为主的侵权责任体系,但由于陪伴式人工智能平台的算法可能引发广泛且严重的损害,因此在规制的整体态度上,保持相对严格的归责倾向;而在具体的司法实践中,以举证责任倒置等方法补足直接运用过错责任的缺陷,并对未来建立陪伴式人工智能平台的通用规则持乐观态度。
中圖分類號(hào):DF4
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.10.010
引用格式:唐婧.注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)下陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)的侵權(quán)責(zé)任[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,42(10):60-65.
Tort liability of companion AI platforms in the era of attention economy
Tang Jing
(School of Law, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China)
Abstract: Under the background of attention economy, the traditional theory of technological neutrality faces challenges. In the regulation of tort liability, a new regulatory path should be found for companion artificial intelligence with the function of emotional connection. This path should not completely deviate from the current faultbased liability system for torts. Given that companion artificial intelligence can potentially cause extensive and severe harm, a relatively strict approach towards attribution of liability should be maintained in the overall regulatory stance. However, in specific judicial practices, the deficiencies of direct application of faultbased liability can be addressed through methods such as the inversion of the burden of proof, and an optimistic attitude should be adopted towards establishing general rules for future companion artificial intelligence platforms.
Key words : attention economy; companion AI platforms; technology neutral; responsibility regulation

0    引言

陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)興起于注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)熱潮中,在情感識(shí)別方面以超出一般人工智能平臺(tái)的算法能力,通過情感計(jì)算與平臺(tái)用戶建立連接,用戶可能在此交互過程中對(duì)陪伴式人工智能產(chǎn)生情感依賴,因此在發(fā)生侵權(quán)事件時(shí),陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)不僅可能對(duì)用戶造成財(cái)產(chǎn)、隱私等實(shí)體損害,還可能造成精神損害。進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)的算法能力已經(jīng)超出傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)中立理論的范疇,因而不應(yīng)當(dāng)允許平臺(tái)以“技術(shù)中立”進(jìn)行侵權(quán)責(zé)任的抗辯。在責(zé)任生成的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)邏輯方面,從平臺(tái)微觀角度和社會(huì)宏觀角度加以論證,結(jié)論是應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)施加相對(duì)嚴(yán)苛的責(zé)任。而在責(zé)任規(guī)制的具體路徑方面,權(quán)宜之計(jì)是充分利用已有的分散式規(guī)則,且在具體運(yùn)用中保持嚴(yán)格的規(guī)制態(tài)度,如采取舉證責(zé)任倒置等辦法,先行解決司法實(shí)踐的困難。理想的方式是在陪伴式人工智能發(fā)展成熟之時(shí)以通用規(guī)則進(jìn)行規(guī)范。



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作者信息:

唐婧

(南京大學(xué)法學(xué)院,江蘇南京210000)


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