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基于雙軸激光掃描的煤倉物位深度檢測系統(tǒng)
電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用
李大威1,李亞寧2,張恩華1,張麗軍2,李亞帥2
1.中北大學(xué) 電氣與控制工程學(xué)院,山西 太原030051;2.山西戴德測控技術(shù)股份有限公司
摘要: 為了準(zhǔn)確測量煤倉物位的深度信息,避免物位過高或過低對輸煤過程造成影響,提出了一種基于雙軸激光掃描的煤倉物位深度檢測系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)采用雙軸振鏡結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)大視場掃描,完成物位面任意位置的激光測距。搭建了符合雙軸振鏡與激光測距的同步光路結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)了調(diào)焦模塊用于光束整形。在動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)焦測試中,對2 m~5 m范圍內(nèi)的光斑變化進(jìn)行了測試,光斑直徑均小于0.5 mm,符合聚焦照射待測物面的設(shè)計(jì)要求。物面深度實(shí)驗(yàn)中,分別測試了距離為2 m和5 m的物面高度,測試偏轉(zhuǎn)角介于0°~20°之間。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,兩個(gè)測試條件下,最大誤差為23 mm,物位上下限的測試結(jié)果的誤差均小于0.5%以內(nèi)。該雙軸激光掃描系統(tǒng)精度高、視場大,且具備在線實(shí)時(shí)測試的能力,在煤倉物位檢測領(lǐng)域具有較高的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
中圖分類號(hào):TD679 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.256599
中文引用格式: 李大威,李亞寧,張恩華,等. 基于雙軸激光掃描的煤倉物位深度檢測系統(tǒng)[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2025,51(12):126-130.
英文引用格式: Li Dawei,Li Yaning,Zhang Enhua,et al. Coal bunker level depth detection system based on dual axis laser scanning[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2025,51(12):126-130.
Coal bunker level depth detection system based on dual axis laser scanning
Li Dawei1,Li Yaning2,Zhang Enhua1,Zhang Lijun2,Li Yashuai2
1.School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China;2.Shanxi Dedicated Measurement Control Co.,Ltd.
Abstract: To accurately measure the depth information of coal bunker level and avoid the impact of high or low level on coal transportation process, a coal bunker level depth detection system based on dual axis laser scanning is proposed. The system adopts a dual axis galvanometer structure to achieve wide field scanning and complete laser ranging at any position on the object surface. We have built a synchronous optical path structure that conforms to the dual axis galvanometer and laser ranging, and designed a focusing module for beam shaping. In the dynamic focusing test, the variation of the light spot within the range of 2 m~5 m was tested, and the diameter of the light spot was all less than 0.5 mm, which meets the design requirements for focusing and illuminating the test object surface. In the depth experiment of the object surface, the height of the object surface was tested at distances of 2 m and 5 m, and the measured deflection angle was between 0°~ 20°. The experimental results show that under two testing conditions, the maximum error is 23 mm, and the error of the test results for the upper and lower limits of the material level is less than 0.5%. The dual axis laser scanning system has high accuracy, a large field of view, and the ability for online real-time testing, which has high practical value in the field of coal bunker level detection.
Key words : dual axis laser scanning;coal bunker level;depth measurement;dynamic focusing

引言

煤倉是煤礦中重要的儲(chǔ)存設(shè)備[1],煤倉中煤的深度位置必須設(shè)置在合理區(qū)間。如果煤倉中物位太高,存在溢料風(fēng)險(xiǎn),不僅會(huì)影響生產(chǎn)效率,還對煤倉周圍有安全隱患。而物位太低時(shí),從倉頂?shù)絺}底的高度差太大,掉落的煤炭容易造成倉體損壞。所以,煤倉的物位深度實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測具有重要意義。

煤倉物位的自動(dòng)深度測試方法主要有:電容傳感法、雷達(dá)測距法、光學(xué)成像法和激光掃描法[2-6]。電容傳感法將傳感器與煤層接觸形成等效電容。宗偉林等人[7]采用定點(diǎn)小電容實(shí)現(xiàn)了煤粉粉位的檢測,雖大幅提升了測試穩(wěn)定性,但不能在輸煤過程中測試,影響工作效率。雷達(dá)測距法是利用雷達(dá)發(fā)射無線電波測試倉頂?shù)矫簩颖砻娴木嚯x,從而判斷物料高度。楊雪等人[8]采用26 GHz高頻雷達(dá)對煤位數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測。該方法具備非接觸快速測量的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但微波雷達(dá)是范圍測試,難以獲得整體物位的分布情況。光學(xué)成像法通過拍照獲取測試區(qū)域物料的分布特性,可實(shí)現(xiàn)整體物位分布情況。趙睿等人[9]通過圖像二值化配合雙目結(jié)構(gòu),煤位最大誤差率小于1.8%。徐慧瓊等人[10]通過FPGA與CCD獲取煤位數(shù)據(jù),檢測誤差優(yōu)于5%。但基于圖像的處理方法受環(huán)境光影響明顯。激光掃描法是利用線激光器作為光源,對煤倉煤位進(jìn)行掃描,測距計(jì)算物位高度的方法。孫繼平等人[11-12]采用激光三角法測量物位深度,深度識(shí)別精度優(yōu)于0.6 m。張衛(wèi)等人[13]將激光物位檢測用于顎式破碎機(jī),實(shí)現(xiàn)了全自動(dòng)物料檢測,測距精度優(yōu)于50 cm。

綜上所述,激光雷達(dá)指向性好、精度高,但不規(guī)則的物料表面會(huì)使個(gè)別測試位置出現(xiàn)粗大誤差,形成虛假信號(hào)。為了降低不規(guī)則物面對測試結(jié)果的影響,本文提出了一種雙軸激光掃描的物位檢測系統(tǒng)。


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http://www.ihrv.cn/resource/share/2000006888


作者信息:

李大威1,李亞寧2,張恩華1,張麗軍2,李亞帥2

(1.中北大學(xué) 電氣與控制工程學(xué)院,山西 太原030051;

2.山西戴德測控技術(shù)股份有限公司,山西 榆次 030600)


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